Inside Philippine politics & beyond

Dear Armed Forces, you just honored a “soldier” who used his guerrilla name to hide loot in Swiss banks

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Exclusive by Raïssa Robles

The Armed Forces of the Philippines and its Commander-in-Chief Rodrigo Duterte have just honored the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos with a hero’s burial.

The Marcoses probably think that by burying what’s left of the dictator’s cadaver in the Heroes’ Cemetery (Libingan ng mga Bayani), they can alter reality and manufacture a hero.

UPDATE: I wish to inform everyone that Facebook has barred me from posting any link to this website or any other site from my Facebook community page – https://www.facebook.com/raissawriter/.

By the way, my Facebook Community page is “verified” by Facebook.

But you can all share the link.  

What the Marcoses forget is that there is a long, long trail of verifiable documents showing otherwise.

My book Marcos Martial Law: Never Again, uncovers part of this trail. But 268 pages is not enough to show everything.

And so, I promise the Filipino people that I will share what else I found.

For starters, I have verified – using documents that came from Ferdinand Marcos himself – that Marcos used his guerrilla code name during World War II in order to open secret Swiss bank accounts in the late 1960s.

Let me narrate how I stumbled on this truth. Not the Marcos truth. But the real, verifiable truth.

In 1986, after the Marcoses fled, I decided to leave Business Day because I wanted to cover the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG). My colleague, Mon Isberto, was covering it for Business Day and since he was a more senior reporter, there was no chance in hell I would get the beat.

And so I went to the Manila Chronicle to cover that beat. I wanted that beat because earlier I had seen for myself how the Marcoses lived in Malacañang. I was able to get inside Malacañang the very next day that they fled.

I was very curious to know all about the efforts of the new government of Corazon Aquino to recover all their loot.

The first pieces of evidence of the Marcoses’ Swiss loot came from Malacañang Palace itself. The Marcoses had simply forgotten – in their panic to flee – several boxes of documents which were turned over to the newly-created Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG).

Among the papers Ferdinand Marcos happened to leave were the ones below, opening a secret account in Credit Suisse (the Swiss Credit Bank). Please note that I have placed my blog watermark in order to indicate that these documents came from me and I can vouch for their authenticity since I gathered them myself as a reporter:

credite-suisse-ferdie_bank_doc_01

Below is portion of another document:

credit_suisse_marcos-aka-wiliiam-saunders-signatures

 

The Philippine government verified the genuineness of these documents:

  • When Marcos was in Hawaii and he demanded them back;
  • When the Philippine government submitted the papers to the Swiss Federal Court, and after many many years Credit Suisse reluctantly told the Court they were authentic;
  • These documents formed part of the evidence that made the Swiss Federal Court conclude that the money hidden in Swiss accounts by the Marcoses were “of criminal origin“.

You can read for yourself the press release on the matter issued by the Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police by clicking here

And in case you are interested, I personally asked Senator Bongbong Marcos about those secret Swiss bank accounts during a 2011 press forum of the Foreign Correspondents Association of the Philippines.
You can read his replies in my story ( I took his photo myself) –

Senator Bongbong Marcos confirmed he had a direct hand in trying to withdraw US$213M from a Swiss bank in 1986 >

Senator Bongbong Marcos confirmed he had a direct hand in trying to withdraw US$213M from a Swiss bank in 1986

Senator Bongbong has never denied what I had written. Deadma lang (he just ignored them).

When I first wrote about Marcos’ Swiss bank accounts I did not know why he had chosen the alias “William Saunders”.

It was only a year ago when I stumbled on an online post by Charlie Avila, saying that William Saunders was the name Marcos had used as an intelligence officer during World War II. Beyond that, I could not verify what Charlie Avila had written.

This summer when I was doing research for my book, I finally stumbled on the evidence to verify what Charlie Avila had written.

And the EVIDENCE CAME FROM MARCOS HIMSELF! marcos-of-the-philippines-thumb-by-spence

On page 289 of his authorized official biography by Hartzell Spence, is the phrase in the first full paragraph saying –

“Marcos, then operating under the nom de guerre Major Saunders, happened to enter the headquarters and, with apologies, released the victims.”

 

 

marcos-of-the-philippines-major-saunders_0001

The Marcos children, Bongbong and Imee, have always feigned ignorance about those secret Swiss bank accounts opened by their parents.

In the next post, I will show that they have not been honest with the Filipino people over the Swiss accounts – which the Swiss Federal Court has long ruled – were “of criminal origin”.

Today, the Armed Forces of the Philippines under its Commander-in-Chief, President Rodrigo Duterte, has chosen to honor a thief.

What message does that send to Filipinos?

Comments

  2. Ano kaya ang masasabi ni Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano sa desisyon ng SC at ng PDU30 na umayon sa pag papalibing ni FEM sa LNMB at ang palihim na pag libing na ginawa ng pamilya Marcos?

  3. Eh bakit hindi gawing “Libingan Ng Mga Makasaysayang Pilipino” *

    May dungis ang lahing Pilipino, hindi perfecto!

    Sad Reality
    In spite of F Marcos’ misdeeds, including his family, to the country, the Marcoses are back in power. Why? There are millions that still support, who still cast their votes to bring back, continue the Marcos aristocracy … to wield political power over them.

    Aghast? Pick one or two – stupidity, idiots, tanga, bobo… to describe it. If nil or lacking, add some or more to represent your utmost.

    In spite of the loss of lives, damages to democratic institutions and debts left for succeeding generations to rebuilt & repay, there are still other filipinos willing to this day to stand [military/police] guard & protect his ‘heroic’ graveyard in the LNMB against protests & to stop venting victims’ indignations … even prevent others from visiting other heroes’ grave sites inside the same cemetery. It has become macoy’s enduring testament, even at his grave lot with an ‘eternal flame’ to light up what’s very wrong in all filipinos.

    Nothing has change in pinas, if not it has become worse. One gov’t executive committed suicide, while another was killed for perhaps doing his job too. And there are other extra-judicial killings here and there … with a reigning president who contemplates suspending the writ of habeas corpus. A prelude to imposing martial law.

    Quite ironic, … come to think, once the enemies of Marcos’ dictatorial reign are now PDU30’s peace mates.

    From “Libingan Ng Mga Bayani” to “Libingan Ng Mga Makasaysayang Pilipino”. There inside you’ll find are buried soldiers, presidents, artists, scientists … you’ll also find a fake hero, a dictator, a plunderer and a spoiler to once was a Heroes’ Cemetery.

    If it is really F Marcos’ human remains, leave it there for the present and future generations to always remember, lest Filipinos forget. Part of the Philippines’ history. Parte ng Makasaysayang Pilipino!

    AND Why not add a Wall of Remembrance Laban sa Diktador? Names of EJKed, human rights victims during Marcos’ reign. Political leaders who were incarcerated, tortured, killed during his Martial Law reign.

    —

    In the wake of snowballing condemnation on the surprise burial of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos at the Libingan ng mga Bayani, Senate president Aquilino “Koko” Pimentel III filed a bill seeking a separate cemetery for “Filipinos of historical interest.”

    Under Pimentel’s Senate Bill 1246, a new cemetery known as the “Libingan ng mga Makasaysayang Pilipino” will be carved out of parcels of land within the Libingan ng mga Bayani for the remains of Filipino historical figures such as presidents, statesmen, dignitaries, national artists and national scientists, “separate from the remains of those who served in the military.”

    * http://news.mb.com.ph/2016/11/19/separate-heroes-cemetery-proposed/

    • dear mr. ramos, if you call atonement sa ginawa mo noon sa edsa why did you push duterte for president? bakit si duterte pa ang patalikod mong sinusuportahan hanggang ngayon? can you do another atonement of your new sin? how easy for you to say an atonement but putting the new devil to our country?

      asking you mr. ramos to ask all newspaper publications to remove the picture of imelda kissing the phil. national flag. bilang anak ng isang respetadong usaffe, na pa kamalaking insulto ito sa aming pagkatao na makitang hinahalikan habang paiyak iyak na niyayakap ni imelda ang watawat.

      • ” kissing the phil. national flag”
        the greatest show of pretense.
        pwede kayang tawagin yun na halik ni iskaryote?

      • Hindi na din naiiba sa nakikita natin palagi sa mga pahayagan. Yung larawan ni Imelda na na nahalik sa salamin kung saan nakahimlay si FM, na di masabi kung buto ba, na nabalutan ng wax? Wax lang ba na buhaw sa loob? o katawan na punong puno at babad na babad na sa formaline?
        Pagkukunwari samantalang nuong araw na nilibing sya sa LNMB ay may mga tao pa din na tinitignan sya sa sa loob ng salamin.
        Sino ang manloloko at ang naloko?
        Mga payaso sila, galing umarte.

        • Ok lang na nagslung imarte sila – TANGA rin naman halos ang bumoto sa mga Marcos at nagluklok sa kanila sa kapangyarihan. Kasalanan ng mga TANGA – at yong mga may utak na hindi bumoto o hindi man lang gumawa ng hakbang para maimulat ang katotohanan!!!

  5. happy to see the familiar names still alive and kicking in raissa’s site. not sure if someone has already asked this question but i am wondering if duterte is preparing the groun and provoking “gulo” to give himself justification to declare martial law.

    • dalisay, already started provoking the filipino people. but nobody bought it. nobody ignited their poured gasoline.
      just read this Duterte blames ‘jet lag’ for skipping Apec socials. Read more: https://www.inquirer.net/#ixzz4Qd7kSbFx

      pero eyes wide open while talking or make sumbong to putin and stood tall with eyes wide open while talking with the chinese president. imo pumunta lang sya sa peru para to give way to the kahindihindik na plano ng mga marcos. para uuwi sya kaagad sa pilipinas to proclaim “ML” pero he was frustrated no nobody bought o watched their film.

      • I think, digong went to peru looking for friends at ginawang agony uncle pa si putin, went all the way of long haul flight just so makapagsumbong siya na bully daw ang west. like putin is not big bully himself, bullying the ukranians and the georgians. putin even tried bullying angela merkel, but angela stood her ground. pandak si putin and tried to be tall by bullying others. syria’s asad is friend of putin too, and look what is happening in syria? the country is bombed by russians. digong has not learned to choose friends well. china is letting pinoys fish in the shaol and in exchange, parami ang chinese drug lords sa bansa.

        excuses, excuses, sabing not feeling well si digong dahil ayaw yatang makaharap si obama, si yasay na lang ang kumatawan.

        sayang, I thought, digong would try to snatch trade agreements with other countries instead of complaining how the west hurt/bully him. if it is hurt and bullies he wants to talk about, he is better off talking to a therapist. a therapist will tell him how to use tactical skills against bullies, strengthen and helps him cope.

        digong ought to shed some of his excess baggage, instead of carrying them around.

        • at ang sagot ni putin sa kanyang small, aging and maybe “dy-ng” bully brother ay “i can feel you”. ha ha ha na fefeel ni putin na talagang psychopath ang kanyang kausap.

      • the flight has many agenda.
        imo, one is the ninja burial.
        possible na kung pinagliyab ang benzene, ml is an instant response.

        e masama raw ang pakiramdam sa night social
        kaya hindi dumalo. imo, alibi lang kaya?

        pero before that, maoobserbahan ang walang kapaguran niyang pagdalo at litanya sa mga ceremonies dito sa atin.
        di ko nabalitang napagod o sumama ang pakiramdam?

        • at last dalawa na tayo vandr ng “imo” you used benzene while i used gasoline. yes alibi nya kaya hindi umatend para masubaybayan ang actual na nangyayari sa lnmb. at kung biglang somebody ignited alsa balutan yan at uuwi paramag declare ng ML. hindi na oobra ang ganyang script kagaya ng ginawa ni enrile

        • May dahilan yan pagpunta nya sa peru sa akin opinion.
          1. Para wala sya pag inilibing ang “mahiwagang bangkay” Sabi nga ng kabineta nya wala silang kaalam-alam na ililibing na pala sya. Mga tanga kayo kung ganuon o nagtatanga-tangahan. Iwas damay baga.
          2.Para makausap ang kanyang mga bff (putin at xi) at magsumbong. Kasi nga naman kung anduon sya may dahilan sumama ang isang baranggay na delegasyon.
          3. Hindi sya dumalo sa mga mahahalagang pagtitipon para minute by minute makakuha sya ng update sa mga nangyayari sa atin.
          Mga dahilan na walang kabuluhan, not feeling well? dahil sa migraine, jet log? Sus, di pala nya kaya ang malayuan magbyahe bakit naalis pa sya?
          Di ko alam na ililibing sya sa oras at araw na yun? Isa pang kabobohan presedente ka inilihim sa iyo ang paglibing? Pwede ng sabihin na wala ka kwenta pala? May naglilibing sa LNMB gamit ang sundalo at militar ala ka alam?
          Baka naman may advance permit na may open date at time yun. Anytime you please or at your convenience lang ba?
          Parang komedya ang pagpapatakbo ng gobyerno pero di naman nakakatuwa mandin ay nakakaloka

  6. Following below is excepted from:

    862 F.2d 1355

    57 USLW 2351, RICO Bus.Disp.Guide 7108

    The REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee,
    v.
    Ferdinand E. MARCOS, et al., Defendants-Appellants.

    No. 86-6091.

    United States Court of Appeals,
    Ninth Circuit.

    Argued and Submitted Feb. 10, 1988.
    Decided Dec. 1, 1988.
    Special Concurrence, Dec. 2, 1988.

    ——QUOTE——

    30

    The Republic presented evidence that in February 1986 the Marcoses had transported from the Philippines to Hawaii $8.2 million worth of cash, negotiable instruments, jewelry, and other property, allegedly derived from the Marcoses’ wrongdoing in the Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos swore by affidavit that it had not been his intention to go to Hawaii and that he had been taken there involuntarily by the government of the United States. But as he sought to recover from United States Customs all of these items he clearly intended to introduce them into the United States. He used the United States mail and telephone services for this purpose.

    31

    The Republic also presented evidence that since at least 1968 the Marcoses had a checking account at a bank in Beverly Hills, California and that this account was used to make payments of $200,000 to “William Saunders” and $100,000 to “Jane Ryan.” The Republic introduced evidence that these names were aliases under which Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos acted. The Republic presented evidence of the creation by the Marcoses in 1970 of a Lichtenstein entity entitled the “Sandy Foundation,” which in effect was a trust to make investments for the benefit of the Marcoses and their children, Imelda, Ferdinand, and Irene, and which was funded by the Marcoses with an initial capital of 100,000 Swiss francs. The Republic presented evidence that “Jane Ryan” and “William Saunders” transferred their accounts to this trust and that Credit Suisse, a Zurich bank, was “the administering bank” of the trust. The Republic presented evidence of correspondence by the Marcoses as customers of that bank and the use by Imelda Marcos of the alias of Jane Ryan in dealing with that bank.

    32

    According to the Republic’s evidence, a code was worked out for contacts between the Marcoses and the trust. According to a copy of a memorandum signed by Ferdinand Marcos, if he cabled “Happy Birthday” to the bank, its Hong Kong representative, Ralph Klein, would proceed to Manila and “contact him through Col. Fabian C. Ver.” (Colonel Ver is now General Ver, associated with the Marcoses in power and in their flight from the Philippines.)

    —— UNQUOTE ——

    • YAN ANG NATUTUNAN NG MGA SUMUNOD NA MAGNANAKAW KAY MARCOS “JOSE VELARDE”, “JOSE PIDAL”, “EMILIO AGUINALDO”..ANO PA???

      • “ANO PA?”…BUNDOK/BUNDOC

        correct me if i’m wrong: sabi ni duterte ang kanyang number one campaign donor ay si bundok or taga bundok nakalimutan ko na ang word for word na sinabi ni duterte.

        from abs-cbn OPINION: A court with 9 deplorables by buddy gomez:
        We have to remember that Ferdinand E. Marcos was supposed to have died 27 years ago. The medical records of Saint Francis Hospital in Honolulu indicate that there was no patient by the name of Ferdinand E. Marcos. The name of the person who died in St. Francis on September 29, 1989 was Antonio Bundoc.

  8. The decision of the Marcos family to ram down the throats of the Filipino people the ceremonial burial of martial law dictator Ferdinand Marcos’ body at Libingan ng mga Bayani (LNMB) is a major blunder than they may regret going forward.

    I used the term ‘ceremonial burial’ because there is no proof that the coffin buried at LNMB contains the remains of the late dictator – the burial was closed to the public (how could it be a hero’s burial be closed to the public?), there is no known photo taken of his remains in the coffin, there is no statement from any disinterested person attesting to the presence of his remains in the coffin, and there is no forensic evidence from the government or any third party agency that will validate the coffin contains his remains.

    On the contrary, the Marcos family maintained for a long time that the dictator’s embalmed body is in the glass-encased coffin in the family mausoleum in Batac, Ilocos Norte that has become a tourist attraction. And while some Marcos’ supporters where in the second day of their nine-day mourning novena at the mausoleum, another coffin purportedly containing his remains was stealthily flown to the LNMB.
    So where is Marcos’ remains really located – in the glass-encased coffin at the family mausoleum in Batac, or at the LNMB?

    Common sense tells us that neither in those two places.

    It must be recalled that when the Marcos family were allowed to return to the Philippines they agreed to the condition that the body of the late dictator would be buried in his hometown. Add to that the fact that all five former Philippine presidents – Cory Aquino, Fidel Ramos, Joseph Estrada, Gloria Arroyo, and Nonoy Aquino – refused to allow Marcos’ burial at the LNMB, it would far-fetched to presume that the Marcos family was still hopeful of that. The only conclusion one can logically make is that his body is already buried a long time ago in a secret location.

    The Marcos wealth and connections may have allowed them to win a battle, but they can still lose the war, on Marcos’ burial at LNMB. To Marcos’ supporters his resting place at the LNMB may serve as a shrine to them, but to his detractors the place may also serve as symbol of his dictatorship and a focal point where they can continue to unleash their anger and resistance to martial law.

    Even before Marcos was interred at the LNMB, his burial place was already desecrated by an angry public, and it would not be surprising if attempts to do that would continue in the foreseeable future. Some opposition politicians have also expressed the sentiment that under a different administration his body could be removed and transferred to another place, and if this happened it would be the ultimate humiliation of the Marcos family – but not if the his remains were not really at the LNMB, that in turn would be the ultimate deception of the Filipino people.

    With Marcos’ ‘burial’ at the LNMB, his martial law dictatorship has become front- and-center once again. Many young Filipinos who have no prior knowledge of the atrocities and abuses committed under the Marcos martial law have suddenly started to ask questions and show interest in knowing this dark part of our country’s history.

    In a sense there is now some resurrection of interest in our history and reawakening of nationalistic fervor, especially among the younger sector of our society, which would not happen had the Marcos family not rammed down our throats Marcos’ burial at the LNMB that re-opened the deeply lingering wounds of martial law. It could very well their major political blunder.

    • @yvonne. . . keep it up. Quote – ‘The Marcos wealth and connections may have allowed them to win a battle, but they can still lose the war, on Marcos’ burial at LNMB.’

      From Rappler – Burden of legal processes. Anchored on the spirit of a democratic system, the recovery efforts had to adhere to strictly legal processes, that often proved cumbersome. To this day, the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan is still hearing recovery cases on the properties of Marcos and his cronies.

      It was a near impossible of a burden adhering strictly to legal processes that was cumbersome. Next time around take away such cumbersome burden and be able to recover the wealth with ease. A hard lesson the Cory Adm got into.

      Link

      http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/123664-recovering-marcos-ill-gotten-wealth-30-years

      • Btw. . . next time recovery should never be done through the courts but just a body – a Recovery Commission with one goal: Recover It. The Cory powers had a revoluntionary gov’t for a time but missed it and thereafter under the 1987 Const.

        • FACTS ABOUT DICTATOR MARCOS – Lest we, the Pilipino people, will forget

          TO THOSE WHOSE MEMORIES ARE FAILING, LET THESE BE A REFRESHER.

          TO PARENTS WHOSE CHILDREN WERE NOT AROUND DURING THE REIGN OF THE MARCOS DICTATORSHIP, IT IS OUR COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY TO EDUCATE OUR KIDS ON THAT DARK CHAPTER OF OUR NATION’S HISTORY, AND TEACH THEM TO REJECT ANY ATTEMPT TO REVISE IT AND DEODORIZE IT BY CALLING THE DICTATOR A “HERO”.

          . . . remember and remembering – access the Link too!

          http://blogwatch.tv/2011/04/facts-about-president-ferdinand-marcos/

        • “We deliver to the Central Bank,” the miners said. “If it happened (the siphoning), it happened in the Central Bank.”

          re-tell you – access that LINK!

        • In one entry in Marcos’ diary he noted, “I often wonder what I will be remembered for in history. Scholar? Military hero…?” In a supreme irony, he did achieve what he so vainly sought – lasting fame – but not in the way he envisioned: xxx

          >to the Link

        • @leona,

          i hear you loud and clear!

          he got lasting infamy.

          and i had inculcated in my children’s minds that great infamy of a leader…

  9. Pres. Duterte finally meets his idol Pres. Putin.

    Pres. Putin finally meets his fan Pres. Duterte.

    ‘Tis fan to have an idol. . . idol have fan’

    both happy

    • both happy! digong and putin had a date in peru, their bromance is alive and well. bumabayut yata itong si digong as he grow older. then there is pres of china on the sideline.

  10. Why did the Marcoses hurriedly bury that ‘coffin’ before the SC decision was with finality and executory?

    Unannounced at that. It caught many wondering. So surprised.

    Defied the highest Court of the land. An outright insult to the rules of the Court and the law.

    What could have been the reason for such action to bury the ‘coffin’ much early than the time for its right time? Something hiding something?

    I do not think its something about any gold to be kept deeper into the ground.

    If Marcos passed away way in 1989 (?) un-buried, 27 years burial delay at that, what was a few days delay with the SC decision already pronounced? Is the one reason was to avoid a massive protests before the burial? What then if there is?

    Will anybody know the probable answer or answers in the next few days or weeks? There is silence except the coming more protests, the petitioners’ MRs and even from the Court.

    Burial issue is being validated before the bench. Or the issue is buried already. What’s next, exhumation?

    . . . To exhume or not to exhume, that is the [next] question. . . . sounds familiar Mr. Poet!

    • But asking: To exhume what? – the coffin or what’s inside it? What’s inside the coffin anyway? Nobody except the Marcos family.

      But asking: Is this thing alive or dead? It doesn’t look like it is dead but alive!

      Wanted: Alive or Dead?

      • to exhume the empty coffin so the family may laugh at every gullible filifino.
        the greatest act of deception was played on nov. 18, 2016!

      • susma, I saw on t.v. the libingan. after makoy’s burial, no one was allowed in except those previously approved by the marcoses. permit ang kailangan in order to enter the libingan. those na may relatives na nakahimlay duon were not allowed inside too, and people were being turned away. guards were manning the entrace, in full military fatiques and armed with high powered guns. parang checkpoint charlie tuloy ang set up, ready to shoot civilians. sobrang overkill ito.

        anyone exhuming makoy will be blown heavenwards! boom! rat! tat! tat! tat!

        • nag mukhang private property na ng mga marcos ang lnmb.papaano na iyong mga kamag-anak na gustong bisitahin ang kanilang mga ama, anak, asawa o kapatid na nagdaraos ng kanilang birthday o mahalagang araw sa kanilang buhay?hindi na makapasok dahil guarded na ang lnmb dahil kay marcos. di ba parang bumalik na din sa dating regimen ang nangyayari ngayon?

        • Kailangan ang mga sundalo natin hindi mamatay ngayun! LNMB private property na!

          Bakit? eh. . . papa-ano i-lilibing kasama yun mga kamag-anak ng tropa hindi ma kakapasok sila!

          Sabi ng GUARDYA: Ooopss! Sandali lang. . . patay ba talaga yan o baka pumapasok lang kayo para maka hukay kay McCoy?

          Anong sagot ‘o gagawin ng mga KAMAG-ANAK ng sundalong patay? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

        • kamag-anak ng mga dating sundalong patay at nailibing duon, must now say to the guards, hey! mamang tangang nakauniporme’t armado, guard makoy’s tomb at duon kayo makapaligid, hwag dito sa entrance. makoy was not buried at the entrance. the entrance is for everybody, man or mouse.

          mamang tangang nakauniporme’t armado can shoot anyone coming within arm’s length of the tomb, and maybe, engaged approachers in hand to hand combat. them staying at the entrance is stupid. they should guard the tomb, not the entrance.

          sa luneta nga, the entrance is not guarded, only the bantayog of dr jose rizal. anyone is free to come to luneta, but not anyone is allowed to come within arm’s length of rizal’s bantayog.